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, by Robert Forczyk
Ebook Free , by Robert Forczyk
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Product details
File Size: 14429 KB
Print Length: 288 pages
Publisher: Pen and Sword Military (March 30, 2016)
Publication Date: March 30, 2016
Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B01I4UE4ZY
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I thought that the topic of armored warfare on the Eastern Front offered little in the way of new perspectives with the exception of some of the Russian historians who are in the process of reexamining battles during the early phases of Barbarossa using Soviet primary sources. I discovered that belief to be singularly incorrect after perusing Robert Forczyk's second volume on Tank Warfare on the Eastern Front - a book that I almost didn't purchase but am glad that I did.Bottom line up front: This book is not intended to be a comprehensive and detailed account of every tank battle in the east during 1943 - 1945. Historian Emeritus David Glantz has written HOW MANY books about the Russo-German War and he still hasn't covered everything......Forczyk (rightly in my opinion) devotes the bulk of this book to the events of 1943 - which can rightfully be called the pivotal year in the east - rather than 1944 and 1945.That said, the only battle that I wish he had covered in more detail was the large-scale yet ultimately unsuccessful German panzer counteroffensive in Hungary in the closing weeks of the war. Let's face it, by that point in the conflict there were very few turreted panzers operating in the east OR the west. The bulk of the opposition offered to the Anglo-Americans and Russians came from towed AT guns, handheld AT weapons, and assault guns/tank hunters with fixed main armament.How is the book organized? A total of three chapters presented respectively as: CHAPTER 1 (pp. 1 - 36) covering the state of the armored forces on both sides at the beginning of 1943; production of armored vehicles for both sides during 1943; research and development leading to the introduction of new armored vehicles for both sides during 1943; changing tactics for both sides; the impact of Lend Lease (which Forczyk says has been underrated by Soviet and Russophile historians), while also focusing on topics dear to the Panzerwaffe enthusiast such as how Germany's armor was distributed and used on multiple fronts, with emphasis on the eastern front; how the different services (Heer, Waffen SS and Luftwaffe) went about acquiring panzers during this period; the impact of reduced logistical support on German armored units and the underestimated impact of the German defeat in Tunisia on events in Russia during 1943.CHAPTER 2 focuses on armored operations during 1943 (pp. 37 - 195). I won’t go through the laundry list of battles he examines, but they are numerous and include both German AND Soviet defeats/victories. I believe Forczyk does an exceptional job of showing how the German armored forces exerted a slowly decreasing influence on the operational level in Russia - in large part because of inadequate production of proven vehicles, siphoning of equipment from the Army by the Waffen SS and Luftwaffe, decreasing number of German officers with significant experience of employing armor in combat, and rushed introduction of the Panther and Tiger which resulted in their piecemeal appearance on the field of battle as well as significant maintenance issues. On the last named point - I hadn't realized that the Panther had maintenance issues not only at Kursk (poor final drives as well as overheating engines caused by rubberized bulkheads intended to facilitate wading but trapping engine heat instead) but also for the six months after that battle. He also shows how inexperienced commanders who thought Tigers were invincible often employed those vehicles incorrectly which led to unexpected German tactical defeats. The Soviets also made their share of mistakes and inexperienced commanders on THEIR side normally lost battles on a much larger scale than the Germans, result in one or more Tank Corps being destroyed.CHAPTER 3 (pp. 196 - 236) is entitled "Armored Operations in 1944" but it really includes both 1944 and 1945, with a distinct lack of coverage on the final year of the war. Although the coverage seems lopsided in favor of 1943, I believe that the previous "chapter" reveals most if not all of the worthwhile innovations and developments. Chapter 3 is really a straight forward account of how events and decisions taken in 1943 manifested themselves in the final two years of the conflict. It concentrates on operations around Leningrad during the first half of 1944, the defeat of Army Group South during that same period, the German defense of the Dniester River in April - May 1944 and Operation Bagration - the Red Army's summer offensive during June - August 1944. As I have already mentioned, events in 1945 are summarized in a section entitled "Epilogue" that consists of a mere four pages (pp. 233 - 236).The conclusion is allotted a brief three pages (pp. 237 - 239) which may seem a little shorter than one might expect but a lot of the analysis that many authors hold off presenting until they state their overall conclusions is found earlier in Forczyk's account. The most interesting point in this small section is Forczyk's restating of the importance of lend lease to the Russian armored force (he clearly makes it a point to note the accomplishments of Soviet tank units equipped with western manufactured armored fighting vehicles throughout the preceding text) by examining not only how hundreds of thousands of Studebaker trucks imparted an otherwise unobtainable tactical velocity to Soviet armor operations, but also pointing out other benefits the Soviets received in the form of supporting vehicles (reconnaissance, C2, mobile AA), radios, raw materials needed to make armor plating of good quality, and fuel.There are six appendixes - Soviet and German ranks; Armor Order of Battle 1 July 1943; Types of Tanks on the Eastern Front, 1943 - 44; Tank Production 1943; Armor Order of Battle 21 June 1944; and Tank Production 1944.Summary - In terms of strong points Forczyk brings impeccable research skills and experience based analysis to the table. In terms of weak points, he makes less use of primary sources than I would prefer and there are only about one-quarter of the needed maps in chapter 2.I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in the subject with the caveat that it is not an exhaustive account of all tank battles during the period in question. Not only that, but I have developed a deeper respect for Forczyk's already considerable abilities as a researcher and writer as a result of reading this book. As a matter of fact, I have already pre-ordered his upcoming account of Operation Sea Lion sight unseen!
This is THE best history of armored warfare on the Eastern front in '43 and '44, bar none. The author goes into great detail (considering the scope) into what actually happened at each major front and in each major operation. He pulls no punches either. When excellent General officers like Zhukov and Model performed badly, he points out the exact failings as well as any mitigating factors. While not by any means one of those gimmicky works whereby an author attempts to make his name by attacking (often with poor research and questionable logic) a well-established, Forczyk does take on broadly accepted misconceptions where appropriate. For instance, he details how the Soviet steamroller was built not just from unstoppable mass - which the Germans actually stopped cold many, many times - but much more so was built from the Red Army leadership actually learning to be a more effective combined arms force than were the Germans at their peak. This is historical heresy, but it is simple truth. Nor does Forczyk elevate the Red Army leadership above their due; he notes where they continued to fail operationally and tactically, and points out where strategic failures (such as ignoring mechanized infantry transport and much worse, poorly conceived and executed logistics systems, particularly final delivery to fast-moving mechanized and armored forces) contributed to limiting operational victories. Forczyk takes pains to not only present a battle's winner (where there was one - many battles are inconclusive) but also the effect, if any, of that battle on follow-on operations. Many Eastern Front victories were Pyrrhic victories where a tactical or even operational victory left the victor in overall worse shape. This was especially true for the Germans due to lower manpower, lower production, and long lines of communication.One thing that makes my heart glad was the way Forczyk takes on the Panther. While unquestionably the clearest forerunner to the modern main battle tank, the Panther as delivered was simply a bad tank, not nearly ready for the battlefield. Forczyk also succinctly points out why, even had the Panther lived up to its drawing board potential, it was not the tank Germany needed at the time. Later, inside Germany and with its worst faults designed out, the Panther was indeed a formidable tank. But for a Germany without inclination (and honestly, without the resources) to design, build and field the massive assets (heavy recovery, bridging, fuel delivery, and above all spare parts in quantity) required to support a heavy tank of the day, the tank needed was a true medium tank scaled to Germany's existing assets, a maintainable medium tank with a long gun firing effective AP and HE rounds, broad tracks for mobility and light ground pressure, and a reliable and fuel efficient drive train. (Forczyk does not directly mention this, but other authors have pointed out that the Nazis' first inclination, copying the T-34 but with the excellent long 75 cannon and quality German optics and controls, would have been the Eastern front tank Germany needed.)There are issues here, but they are in editing and/or typesetting. A lot of words were dropped, perhaps in translation to Kindle format. There are of course things I wish Forczyk had addressed in more depth, but the book is huge; clearly only the essential information can be including. For that matter, kudos to the publisher for accepting such a massive tome. What is there truly could not have been cut without harming the book.All in all, this is one of my favorite military histories, very readable and entertaining while remaining a very serious example of scholarly military history. I very much recommend this book to anyone with an interest in World War II. Which frankly should be every one of us.
Another well- researched and well-written Robert Forcyzk history! The author weaves together German and Russian sources to create a balanced history of armored warfare on the Eastern Front from 1943 to 1945. Forcyzk provides a strategic setting throughout and familiarizes the reader with the strengths and weaknesses of both the Nazi Wehrmacht and the Soviet Red Army to show that both were tremendously dysfunctional organizations. A less dysfunctional Wehrmacht, with a better organized command and control structure and a more robust logistical organization should have been able to hold the Red Army off from much longer than it did. Still, until the very end of the war, the Germans were able to fight outnumber and still inflict massive casualties on the Red Army. And the Red Army's manpower and material superiority and steep learning curve meant it was much better to prepared to meet and defeat the Wehrmacht on the battlefield, especially from 1943 on. This is WWII Eastern Front history at its best!
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